Plant reproductive complexity increased in two, widely separated pulses likely driven by important evolutionary innovations, including the origin of seeds and flowers, according to a new study. These ...

The exchange of ideas and information between vegetation ecology and pollination ecology is relatively restricted, yet both fields have devised methods to detect the structure of species assemblages ...

The sex organs of primitive plants are inspiring precise pipettes. Liverworts are a group of ground-hugging plants with male and female reproductive structures shaped like tiny palm trees. The female ...

A scientist has moved a step closer to turning sexually-reproducing plants into asexual reproducers, a finding that could have profound implications for agriculture. Farmers throughout the world spend ...

In plants, flowering is a crucial process for reproductive success and continuity of the species through time. Fruit production requires the perfect development of reproductive structures. Abscission, ...

A gradient (red) in the concentration of auxin, a plant hormone, determines that only one of the eight undifferentiated nuclei in a plant's embryo sac will become an egg. (In this image, a large ...

THE two parts of this work deal respectively with the anatomy and the life-histories and reproduction of plants. A large number of the anatomical figures are original, and although they vary in ...

Many animals, including humans, are one sex, either male or female. Most flowering plants have both male and female reproductive structures, not only on the same plant, but often in the same flower.