Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that can identify problems with your kidneys. These tests can estimate your glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how quickly your ...

Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

The vacuolar (V-)ATPases are ATP-driven proton pumps that function to acidify intracellular compartments and transport protons across the plasma membrane. They function in various normal and disease ...

Abstract: This article compares the electromagnetic performance of 6-slot/2-pole slotted high-speed permanent magnet (HSPM) motors with toroidal and tooth-coil windings. Both HSPM motors are optimized ...