There are two groups of classic circuits: those which have served us well in the past, but have been superseded by better designs, and those which are still in use, perhaps with updated components. In ...

Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuits form a critical component in modern digital communication systems, where the accurate extraction of timing information from data streams is paramount. These ...

The phase-locked loop (PLL) has become one of the most versatile tools in the communication sector. PLLs are at the heart of circuits and devices ranging from clock recovery blocks in data ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...