For more than a century, schoolbook physics has divided matter into neat categories like solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. A ...

New research offers clearer insight into how phase transitions unfold at the atomic scale in real materials. When ice turns into water, the change happens almost instantly. Once the melting ...

High school science misses a lot of the science researchers actually work with. For example, you learn that there are three states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—but in advanced physics, things get ...

While universal formulas exist for every other phase transition (liquid-to-gas, gas-to-liquid, even solid-to-gas), no such formula exists for predicting when a solid melts into a liquid. A new study ...

The ultrafast laser excitation of matters leads to nonequilibrium states with complex solid-liquid phase-transition dynamics. We used electron diffraction at mega–electron volt energies to visualize ...

This schematic illustrates the MALIO software, a machine learning structure analysis tool designed to analyze and distinguish the local structures of BP I and BP II liquid crystal phases. By ...

Researchers explore the transformation dynamics of cubic liquid crystals using direct simulation and machine learning, offering new possibilities for advanced materials development. Researchers have ...