Few topics in electrical engineering have demanded as much attention over the years as the phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is arguably one of the most important building blocks necessary for modern ...

This application note discusses phase frequency detector characteristics that affect phase-locked loop (PLL) dead band and jitter performance. In PLLs that employ charge pump loop filter designs the ...

A special technique produces very wide loop BWs in high-frequency PLLs (and hence, indirect (PLL) synthesizers), thereby achieving very low phase noise rivaling that of direct (MMD) synthesizers. A ...

If you want a stable oscillator, you usually think of using a crystal. The piezoelectric qualities of quartz means that it can be cut in a particular way that it will oscillate at a very precise ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...

I have always had a soft spot for phase-locked loops – at least, I have since I first found out what they were. What I like about them is that they servo into the best answer for a given situation – ...

Few topics in electrical engineering have demanded as much attention over the years as the phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is arguably one of the most important building blocks necessary for modern ...

This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...