A laser Doppler vibrometer’s (LDV) real-time capability enables measurement times roughly six orders of magnitude smaller compared to any method that is based on strobe techniques or provides a ...

Flat optics based on patterned liquid crystals (LCs) has recently received extensive research interest. Comparing with dielectric metasurfaces which are usually fabricated by sophisticated lithography ...

Accurately characterizing high aspect ratio geometries—such as narrow gaps, deep trenches, and deep holes—is becoming increasingly important across a wide range of technologies and industries. To meet ...