With transistors and logic gates as our basic building blocks, we can begin to construct the actual circuits that make up computer memory. One of the simplest memory circuits is the AND gate, which ...

The total memory (RAM) that can be added to a computer depends on the size of the address registers built into the CPU. For example, most 32-bit CPUs have a 32-bit address register that can access 4GB ...

Some projects are a rite of passage within their respected fields. For computer science, building one’s own computer from scratch is certainly among those projects. Of course, we’re not talking about ...

The registers inside the CPU, the machine code instruction set, and the ways in which the instructions interact with the registers and status flags are all intertwined. As you may recall, one of my ...

If you are limiting yourself to only 16 instructions, which ones should you chose, and how do you manage without the ones that fall by the wayside? In my previous column on our project to build a ...

In context: The first iteration of high-bandwidth memory (HBM) was somewhat limited, only allowing speeds of up to 128 GB/s per stack. However, there was one major caveat: graphics cards that used ...

Getting into a big electronics project often involves the use of specialized tools, namely the use of some sort of soldering iron or other way to apply solder to often intricate, tiny, and ...